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logic

logic, which emerged in ancient Greece with the study of syllogisms, is concerned with the formalisation of reasoning. Modern logic, which developed from the 19th century onwards, led to the formalisation of a genuine deductive calculus based on logical formulas formed by combining "atomic propositions" with logical connectors (and, or, negation, implication, etc.); this is known as propositional logic. The formulas of first-order logic also allow the use of existential quantifiers ("it exists") or universal quantifiers ("for all"), as in the example in section 1.1. These classical logics, developed in connection with questions relating to the foundations of mathematics, are widely used in knowledge representation, even if other logics have proved necessary to take account of exceptions, uncertainty or incoherence in particular. (Source: translated from https://ia.gdria.fr/Glossaire/logique-2/ )

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